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Appendix E: Glossary

BIOS

BIOS (basic input / output system) is basically the “software” the computer uses for it’s most basic op-

erations (accessing memory, disks, processors, etc.). This “software” is built into the computer’s motherboard,

so don’t worry about losing it if your hard drive crashes.

Note that these are NOT Windows settings, these are the “core” settings for your computer. You normal-

ly can get at them by pressing the DEL key a few seconds after you turn your computer on (this can vary from

machine to machine though).

Most BIOS setups allow you to congure hard drive parameters, set the time, type of oppy disk drives,

memory timing, and so on. It’s probably an area that’s best left alone unless you are an experienced computer

user. I’ve seen more than one computer that was rendered useless from tampering with these settings.

BMP (Bitmap)

The BMP format is a commonly used raster graphic format for saving image les. The BMP format

stores color data for each pixel in the image without any compression. For example, a 10x10 pixel BMP image

will include color data for 100 pixels. This method of storing image information allows for crisp, high-quality

graphics, but also produces large le sizes. The JPEG and GIF formats are also bitmaps, but use image com-

pression algorithms that can signicantly decrease their le size. For this reason, JPEG and GIF images are used

on the Web, while BMP images are often used for printable images.

Caps Lock

Caps lock is a feature nearly all keyboards have that, when active, capitalizes each letter typed on the

keyboard. Unlike most keys on the keyboard, the caps lock key is a “toggle key,” which is always in either an

on or off position. When off, the letters typed are input like usual. When on, each letter typed is transmitted as

an upper-case character. Caps lock does not alter the input from the rest of the keys, such as numbers and sym-

bols.

Click

Quickly press and release the left mouse button while the mouse pointer is on an

object, such as a menu command, an icon, or a button.

Context Menu

Control Panel [Windows Operating System]

The Control Panel is a feature of the Windows operating system that allows the user to modify system

settings and controls. It includes several small applications, or control panels, that can be used to view and

change hardware or software settings. The Control Panel can be accessed by clicking the Start menu and select-

ing Control Panel. It is also available in the “Other Places” section of the window’s sidebar when you open My

Computer. In Windows XP and Windows Vista the Control Panel can be viewed in either Category View or

Classic View. Category View arranges the control panels into sections, while Classic View shows them all at

once. While the Category View is designed to make locating different settings easier, people familiar with most

of the control panels often nd the Classic View more efcient.

Control Panels were also used for many years by the Mac OS, through Mac OS 9. However, with the

introduction of Mac OS X, control panels were consolidated into a single interface called System Preferences.

The control panels themselves are now called “Preference Panes” in Mac OS X. They can be accessed by select-

ing “System Preferences” from the Apple menu or by clicking the System Preferences icon in the Dock.

Desktop

The Desktop, basically, is where all your icons live (stuff like the Recycle Bin sit on the Desktop). It’s

the “background” area you see when your computer rst boots up before you run any programs.

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